An iterative server handles both the connection request and the transaction involved in the call itself. Iterative servers are fairly simple and are suitable for transactions that do not last long.
![The diagram shows that an iterative server can only process a call from one client at a time.](https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.hali001/khcl2002.gif)
TCP Echo Client
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MAXLINE 4096 /*max text line length*/
#define SERV_PORT 3000 /*port*/
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char sendline[MAXLINE], recvline[MAXLINE];
//basic check of the arguments
//additional checks can be inserted
if (argc !=2) {
perror("Usage: TCPClient <IP address of the server");
exit(1);
}
//Create a socket for the client
//If sockfd<0 there was an error in the creation of the socket
if ((sockfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) <0) {
perror("Problem in creating the socket");
exit(2);
}
//Creation of the socket
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr= inet_addr(argv[1]);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); //convert to big-endian order
//Connection of the client to the socket
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr))<0) {
perror("Problem in connecting to the server");
exit(3);
}
while (fgets(sendline, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
send(sockfd, sendline, strlen(sendline), 0);
if (recv(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE,0) == 0){
//error: server terminated prematurely
perror("The server terminated prematurely");
exit(4);
}
printf("%s", "String received from the server: ");
fputs(recvline, stdout);
}
exit(0);
}
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAXLINE 4096 /*max text line length*/
#define SERV_PORT 3000 /*port*/
#define LISTENQ 8 /*maximum number of client connections */
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int listenfd, connfd, n;
socklen_t clilen;
char buf[MAXLINE];
struct sockaddr_in cliaddr, servaddr;
//creation of the socket
listenfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
//preparation of the socket address
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
bind (listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
listen (listenfd, LISTENQ);
printf("%s\n","Server running...waiting for connections.");
for ( ; ; ) {
clilen = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = accept (listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, &clilen);
printf("%s\n","Received request...");
while ( (n = recv(connfd, buf, MAXLINE,0)) > 0) {
printf("%s","String received from and resent to the client:");
puts(buf);
send(connfd, buf, n, 0);
}
if (n < 0) {
perror("Read error");
exit(1);
}
close(connfd);
}
//close listening socket
close (listenfd);
}
![The diagram shows that an iterative server can only process a call from one client at a time.](https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSLTBW_2.1.0/com.ibm.zos.v2r1.hali001/khcl2002.gif)
TCP Echo Client
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define MAXLINE 4096 /*max text line length*/
#define SERV_PORT 3000 /*port*/
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
char sendline[MAXLINE], recvline[MAXLINE];
//basic check of the arguments
//additional checks can be inserted
if (argc !=2) {
perror("Usage: TCPClient <IP address of the server");
exit(1);
}
//Create a socket for the client
//If sockfd<0 there was an error in the creation of the socket
if ((sockfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) <0) {
perror("Problem in creating the socket");
exit(2);
}
//Creation of the socket
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr= inet_addr(argv[1]);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT); //convert to big-endian order
//Connection of the client to the socket
if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr))<0) {
perror("Problem in connecting to the server");
exit(3);
}
while (fgets(sendline, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL) {
send(sockfd, sendline, strlen(sendline), 0);
if (recv(sockfd, recvline, MAXLINE,0) == 0){
//error: server terminated prematurely
perror("The server terminated prematurely");
exit(4);
}
printf("%s", "String received from the server: ");
fputs(recvline, stdout);
}
exit(0);
}
TCP Iterative Server
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAXLINE 4096 /*max text line length*/
#define SERV_PORT 3000 /*port*/
#define LISTENQ 8 /*maximum number of client connections */
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
int listenfd, connfd, n;
socklen_t clilen;
char buf[MAXLINE];
struct sockaddr_in cliaddr, servaddr;
//creation of the socket
listenfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
//preparation of the socket address
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
bind (listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
listen (listenfd, LISTENQ);
printf("%s\n","Server running...waiting for connections.");
for ( ; ; ) {
clilen = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd = accept (listenfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, &clilen);
printf("%s\n","Received request...");
while ( (n = recv(connfd, buf, MAXLINE,0)) > 0) {
printf("%s","String received from and resent to the client:");
puts(buf);
send(connfd, buf, n, 0);
}
if (n < 0) {
perror("Read error");
exit(1);
}
close(connfd);
}
//close listening socket
close (listenfd);
}